First vs Second Focal Plane Scopes: Which is Right for You?

Quick Overview

This article delves into the world of riflescopes, specifically comparing First Focal Plane (FFP) and Second Focal Plane (SFP) designs. We’ll explore the key differences, advantages, and potential drawbacks of each type, helping UK shooters make informed decisions when selecting optics for their firearms.

 

What Are Focal Planes in Riflescopes?

Before diving into the specifics of FFP and SFP scopes, it’s crucial to understand what focal planes are in the context of riflescopes.

• Definition: The focal plane refers to the position of the reticle (crosshairs) within the scope’s optical system.
• Two types: First Focal Plane (FFP) and Second Focal Plane (SFP)
• Impact: The focal plane affects how the reticle behaves when you change magnification.

In a riflescope, light passes through multiple lenses before reaching your eye. The placement of the reticle in relation to these lenses determines whether it’s an FFP or SFP scope. This positioning has significant implications for how you use the scope, especially when it comes to ranging and holdover corrections at different magnifications.

 

First Focal Plane (FFP) Scopes

First Focal Plane scopes have gained popularity in recent years, especially among long-range shooters and tactical users.

Key features of FFP scopes:

• Reticle position: Located in front of the magnification lenses
• Reticle behaviour: Appears to grow and shrink as you adjust magnification
• Ranging consistency: Reticle subtensions remain true at all magnifications

In an FFP scope, the reticle is positioned so that it appears to change size along with the target as you adjust the magnification. This means that the relationship between the target and the reticle remains constant, regardless of the zoom level. For shooters who frequently use their reticle for ranging or holdover corrections, this consistency can be a significant advantage.

 

Second Focal Plane (SFP) Scopes

Second Focal Plane scopes have been the traditional choice for many hunters and recreational shooters, known for their reliability and ease of use.

Key features of SFP scopes:

• Reticle position: Located behind the magnification lenses
• Reticle behaviour: Appears to stay the same size as magnification changes
• Ranging consistency: Reticle subtensions are only true at one specific magnification

In an SFP scope, the reticle remains the same apparent size regardless of the magnification setting. This means that any ranging or holdover calculations using the reticle are only accurate at one specific magnification, typically the highest magnification or a setting recommended by the manufacturer. In most cases, this calibrated magnification is set at common intervals such as 10x, 20x, or 40x, depending on the scope’s maximum magnification range.

For example:

• A scope with a 3-9x range might be calibrated at 9x
• A 4-16x scope might be calibrated at 16x
• A 6-24x scope could be calibrated at 20x

It’s crucial to refer to the manufacturer’s specifications for your particular scope model to know the exact magnification at which the reticle subtensions are true.

For many shooters, especially those who tend to use a consistent magnification setting or primarily shoot at shorter ranges, this characteristic of SFP scopes isn’t a significant drawback. However, it does require the user to be aware of their scope’s settings when making precise shots at varying distances or using the reticle for ranging.

When using an SFP scope for ranging or holdover corrections at magnifications other than the calibrated setting, shooters need to make mental adjustments or use additional tools to ensure accuracy. Despite this consideration, the simplicity and reliability of SFP scopes continue to make them a popular choice among many UK shooters.

 

Comparing FFP and SFP Scopes

Let’s break down the key differences between FFP and SFP scopes to help you determine which might be better suited to your needs.

1. Reticle Visibility

• FFP: Reticle can appear very fine at low magnifications
• SFP: Reticle maintains a consistent, easily visible size at all magnifications

For FFP scopes, the changing reticle size means it can be quite fine and potentially difficult to see at lower magnifications. This can be an issue in low-light conditions or for shooters with less than perfect eyesight. SFP scopes maintain a more consistent reticle visibility across all magnification ranges.

 

2. Ranging and Holdover Calculations

• FFP: Consistent at all magnifications
• SFP: Only accurate at one specific magnification

If you frequently use your reticle for ranging targets or making holdover corrections, an FFP scope offers more versatility. You can make these calculations at any magnification. With an SFP scope, you’ll need to remember to set your scope to the correct magnification before using the reticle for these purposes.

 

3. Price

• FFP: Generally more expensive
• SFP: Often more affordable

The more complex design of FFP scopes typically results in a higher price point. For shooters on a budget, SFP scopes often offer good performance at a lower cost.

 

4. Durability

• FFP: Potentially more fragile due to reticle placement
• SFP: Generally more robust

The positioning of the reticle in an FFP scope can make it more susceptible to damage from recoil or impacts. SFP scopes, with the reticle positioned further back in the optical system, tend to be more durable.

 

5. Familiarity and Ease of Use

• FFP: May require some adjustment for shooters used to SFP scopes
• SFP: More familiar to most recreational shooters

Many shooters find SFP scopes more intuitive to use, especially if they’re accustomed to traditional hunting scopes. FFP scopes can take some getting used to, particularly the changing reticle size.

 

Choosing Between FFP and SFP: Considerations for UK Shooters

When deciding between an FFP and SFP scope in the UK, consider the following factors:

1. Intended use: • Target shooting: FFP can be advantageous for precision work • Hunting: SFP is often sufficient and may be preferable in low-light conditions
2. Shooting distances: • Long-range: FFP offers more versatility for ranging and holdovers • Medium to short-range: SFP is typically adequate
3. Legal considerations: • Ensure any scope complies with UK firearms regulations • Some calibres and uses may have specific restrictions
4. Budget: • FFP scopes tend to be pricier • Quality SFP options are available at various price points
5. Personal preference: • Try both types if possible before making a decision • Consider factors like reticle visibility and ease of use

Remember that in the UK, certain shooting disciplines or hunting scenarios may have specific equipment requirements. Always check current regulations and consult with your local shooting club or association if you’re unsure.

 

Conclusion

Both First Focal Plane (FFP) and Second Focal Plane (SFP) scopes have their place in the world of shooting. FFP scopes offer consistent ranging and holdover capabilities across all magnifications, making them popular for long-range and precision shooting. SFP scopes provide a familiar, easy-to-use option that’s often more affordable and suitable for general hunting and recreational shooting.

Ultimately, the choice between FFP and SFP comes down to your specific needs, shooting style, and budget. By understanding the strengths and limitations of each type, you can make an informed decision that enhances your shooting experience.

Remember, the best scope is the one that helps you shoot more accurately and enjoyably. Whether that’s an FFP or SFP design will depend on your individual circumstances and preferences.